{"id":3307,"date":"2026-05-14T11:31:58","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T11:31:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307"},"modified":"2026-05-14T11:31:59","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T11:31:59","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0622\u0647 (Holocaust, 1941-1945)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0633 (Porajmos, 1933-1945)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0646 (Yeghern, 1915-1917)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0645(Pogrom, 1881-1921) . \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629”\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/span>

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a”\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629” (Genocide) \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f 7 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023. \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f (Genocide) \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/span>

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a.[1]\u00a0\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 1948 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 “\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645.[2]\u00a0\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629” (Spacio-cide) \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.[3]\u00a0<\/span>

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Spacio-cide) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Genocide) \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 “\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646” \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629” (Urbicide) \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0629[4]. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/span>

\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062c\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/span>

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 (Relational Approach)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/span>

\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/b><\/span>

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b<\/u>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629” \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c[5]\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0622\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a\u060c[6]\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 (Process).<\/span>

\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a[7].\u00a0<\/span>

\u0642\u064f\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Genocide) \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Spacio-cide). \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 “\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646” \u0648”\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646” \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0630\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0640”Genocide”\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.[8]\u00a0\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/span>

\u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/span>

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a” \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.[9]\u00a0<\/span>

\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0646\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.[10]\u00a0<\/span>

\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629” \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 “\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646” \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640”Genocide”\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 1948\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span>

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629: \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/b><\/span>

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629”\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0650\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.[11]\u00a0<\/span>

\u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 “\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a” ( Paradigm of Ethnic Cleansing) \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 “\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628” (Paradigm of war) \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.[12]\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0647 -\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629-[13]\u00a0\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a” \u0641\u064a 10 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1948 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 800,000 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0645 531 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0641.[14]\u00a0<\/span>

\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f”\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span>

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0641\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 “\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644” \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0640 “\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642”\u060c \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 “\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b.”[15]\u00a0<\/span>

\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u063a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f “\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629” \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a[16].\u00a0<\/span>

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/span>

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/b><\/span>

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062f\u0634\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643.<\/span>

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 “\u0646\u062d\u0646” \u0648”\u0647\u0645”\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 “\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a” (Universe of Obligation). \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0636\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0629.[17]\u00a0<\/span>

\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0631\u0639\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c “\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646: ‘\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u2018 (\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0646)\u060c \u0648’\u062d\u064e\u064a\u0648\u062a\u2018 (\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648’\u0628\u0650\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u2018 (\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643.”[18]\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/span>

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0626 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b[19].\u00a0<\/span>

\u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644” \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0645” \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0629”.[20]\u00a0\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 “\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u063a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span>

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a[21].\u00a0<\/span>

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647\u062a \u0622\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b.[22]\u00a0<\/span>

\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.<\/span>

\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/b><\/span>

\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span>

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/span>

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 “\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629” \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u061b \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/span>

\u00a0<\/span>

[1]\u00a0Patrick Wolfe, “Settler Colonialism and the Elimination of the Native“, Journal of Genocide,<\/i>\u00a0Research 8, no. 4 (2006), pp. 387\u2013409.<\/span>

[2]\u00a0Yair Auron,\u00a0The Banality of Denial: Israel and the Armenian Genocide<\/i>\u00a0(New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2003); Ilan Papp\u00e9,\u00a0The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine<\/i>\u00a0(Oxford: One world, 2006).<\/span>

[3]\u00a0Sari Hanafi, “Spacio-cide: Colonial Politics, Invisibility and Rezoning in Palestinian Territory”,\u00a0Contemporary Arab Affairs<\/i>\u00a02, no. 1 (2009), pp. 106\u2013121.<\/span>

[4]\u00a0\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c”\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646” \u0641\u064a: “\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2020” \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631:\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2021)\u060c \u0635 774. [\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 “\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (Urbicide).<\/span>

[5]\u00a0Wolfe, op.cit.<\/span>

[6]\u00a0\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a” \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2014)\u061b<\/span>

\u062d\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0646\u062f\u062a\u060c “\u0627\u064a\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633: \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631” \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2014)\u061b<\/span>

Christopher Robert Browning,\u00a0Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland<\/i>\u00a0(New York: Harper Collins, 1992).<\/span>

[7]\u00a0Wolfe, op. cit., pp. 388, 389.<\/span>

[8]\u00a0Raphael Lemkin, “Genocide \u2013 A Modern Crime”\u00a0Free World<\/i>, (April 1945), p. 4;<\/span>

Raphael Lemkin,\u00a0Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress<\/i>\u00a0(New York: Haward Ferting, 1973), p. 79.<\/span>

[9]\u00a0\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c ‘\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u2018\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629” \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a (\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2015)\u060c \u0635 42 – 44.<\/span>

[10]\u00a0\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a” \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c “\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 62 (2016)\u060c \u0635 70.<\/span>

[11]\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629”\u060c “\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 89 (\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 2012).<\/span>

[12]\u00a0\u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646” \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2007)\u060c \u0635 3.<\/span>

[13]\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 1879-1997” (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 1998)\u061b \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c “\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0644: \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 ‘\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u2018 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 1944-1969” (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2002).<\/span>

[14]\u00a0\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c “\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644” \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2012) \u0635 61, 62.<\/span>

[15]\u00a0\u0639\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062a\u060c “\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633”\u060c “\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633” \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a\u060c 11\/1\/2019\u060c \u0635 20 \u2013 28.<\/span>

[16]\u00a0\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0641\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 59\u060c (2015)\u060c \u0635 83.<\/span>

[17]\u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0635 49.<\/span>

[18]\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 61.<\/span>

[19]\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b [\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629]” \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u063a (\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0628: \u0633\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c 1994)\u060c \u0635 266-270.<\/span>

[20]\u00a0Almog Ben Zikri, “Bedouin Birthrate in Israel Is ‘Bomb’ That Needs Defusing, Far-right Lawmaker Says”\u00a0Haaretz<\/i>, 11\/6\/2020, p. 1, 2.<\/span>

[21]\u00a0Helen Fein,\u00a0Accounting for Genocide;\u00a0National Responses and Jewish victimization during the Holocaust<\/i>\u00a0(New York: The Free Press, 1979).<\/span>

[22]\u00a0\u062d\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0646\u062f\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0635 90\u060c 91.<\/span><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641:\u00a0\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627: \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0633.<\/span><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span>

<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0622\u0647 (Holocaust, 1941-1945)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0633 (Porajmos, 1933-1945)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0646 (Yeghern, 1915-1917)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0645(Pogrom, 1881-1921) . \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629”\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a”\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629” (Genocide) \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f 7 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023. \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f (Genocide) \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3309,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[76,79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-76","category-79"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 - \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0622\u0647 (Holocaust, 1941-1945)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0633 (Porajmos, 1933-1945)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0646 (Yeghern, 1915-1917)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0645(Pogrom, 1881-1921) . \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629”\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a”\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629” (Genocide) \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f 7 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023. \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f (Genocide) \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 …\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-14T11:31:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-14T11:31:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/InShot_20260514_143123675.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1439\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"RepublicofPalestine\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"RepublicofPalestine\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"20 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307\",\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 - \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/InShot_20260514_143123675.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-14T11:31:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-14T11:31:59+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/a116984632a4562b5d251d19cb8e8bf3\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/InShot_20260514_143123675.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/InShot_20260514_143123675.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1439},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/\",\"name\":\"\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\",\"description\":\"\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/a116984632a4562b5d251d19cb8e8bf3\",\"name\":\"RepublicofPalestine\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Screenshot-2024-03-25-at-18.43.47-96x96.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Screenshot-2024-03-25-at-18.43.47-96x96.png\",\"caption\":\"RepublicofPalestine\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 - \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629","og_description":"\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0622\u0647 (Holocaust, 1941-1945)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0633 (Porajmos, 1933-1945)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0646 (Yeghern, 1915-1917)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0645(Pogrom, 1881-1921) . \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629”\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a”\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629” (Genocide) \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f 7 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023. \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f (Genocide) \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 …","og_url":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307","og_site_name":"\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646","article_published_time":"2026-05-14T11:31:58+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-05-14T11:31:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1439,"url":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/InShot_20260514_143123675.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"RepublicofPalestine","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":"RepublicofPalestine","\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"20 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307","url":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 - \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/InShot_20260514_143123675.jpg","datePublished":"2026-05-14T11:31:58+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-14T11:31:59+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/a116984632a4562b5d251d19cb8e8bf3"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/InShot_20260514_143123675.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/InShot_20260514_143123675.jpg","width":2560,"height":1439},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?p=3307#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629","item":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/#website","url":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/","name":"\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646","description":"\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/a116984632a4562b5d251d19cb8e8bf3","name":"RepublicofPalestine","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Screenshot-2024-03-25-at-18.43.47-96x96.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Screenshot-2024-03-25-at-18.43.47-96x96.png","caption":"RepublicofPalestine"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/republicpalestine.com"],"url":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3307"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3310,"href":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3307\/revisions\/3310"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3309"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/republicpalestine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}